生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气

在常温条件下,采用生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气,考察了气体空床停留时间(EBRT)、容积负荷、喷淋密度及营养液pH对生物滴滤塔性能的影响。实验结果表明:当EBRT为90 s、进气甲硫醚质量浓度为150 mg/m~3、喷淋密度为0.65 m~3/(m~2·h),营养液pH为6.8时,甲硫醚去除率为90%;容积负荷高于15 g/(m~3·h)时,对生物滴滤塔的性能产生抑制作用;EBRT为90 s及60 s时,最佳喷淋密度分别为0.56~0.65 m~3/(m~2·h)及0.65~0.75 m~3/(m~2·h);降解甲硫醚的微生物对pH的变化较敏感,最适营养液pH为6~7。     

Probabilistic Flood Inundation Forecasting Using Rating Curve Libraries

One approach for performing uncertainty assessment in flood inundation modeling is to use an ensemble of models with different conceptualizations, parameters, and initial and boundary conditions that capture the factors contributing to uncertainty. However, the high computational expense of many hydraulic models renders their use impractical for ensemble forecasting. To address this challenge, we developed a rating curve library method for flood inundation forecasting. This method involves pre‐running a hydraulic model using multiple inflows and extracting rating curves, which prescribe a relation between streamflow and stage at various cross sections along a river reach. For a given streamflow, flood stage at each cross section is interpolated from the pre‐computed rating curve library to delineate flood inundation depths and extents at a lower computational cost. In this article, we describe the workflow for our rating curve library method and the Rating Curve based Automatic Flood Forecasting (RCAFF) software that automates this workflow. We also investigate the feasibility of using this method to transform ensemble streamflow forecasts into local, probabilistic flood inundation delineations for the Onion and Shoal Creeks in Austin, Texas. While our results show water surface elevations from RCAFF are comparable to those from the hydraulic models, the ensemble streamflow forecasts used as inputs to RCAFF are the largest source of uncertainty in predicting observed floods.     

Co-treatment of fruit and vegetable waste in sludge digesters. An analysis of the relationship among bio-methane generation,process stability and digestate phytotoxicity

The co-digestion of a variable amount of fruit and vegetable waste in a waste mixed sludge digester was investigated using a pilot scale apparatus. The organic loading rate (OLR) was increased from 1.46 kg VS/m³ day to 2.8 kg VS/m³ day. The hydraulic retention time was reduced from 14 days to about 10 days. Specific bio-methane production increased from about 90 NL/kg VS to the maximum value of about 430 NL/kg VS when OLR was increased from 1.46 kg VS/m³ day to 2.1 kg VS/m³ day. A higher OLR caused an excessive reduction in the hydraulic retention time, enhancing microorganism wash out. Process stability evaluated by the total volatile fatty acids concentration (mg/l) to the alkalinity buffer capacity (eq. mg/l CaCO₃) ratio (i.e. FOS/TAC) criterion was <0.1 indicating high stability for OLR <2.46 kg VS/m³ day. For higher OLR, FOS/TAC increased rapidly. Residual phytotoxicty of the digestate evaluated by the germination index (GI) (%) was quite constant for OLR < 2.46 kg VS/m³ day, which is lower than the 60% limit, indicating an acceptable toxicity level for crops. For OLR > 2.46 kg VS/m³ day, GI decreased rapidly. This corresponding trend between FOS/TAC and GI was further investigated by the definition of the GI ratio (GIR) parameter. Comparison between GIR and FOS/TAC suggests that GI could be a suitable criterion for evaluating process stability.     

新型结构ABR的设计与水力特性研究

针对ABR自身的缺点,设计出一种新型结构的ABR.该反应器为双层结构,共有5部分组成,各部分容积各不相同.该反应器的设计思想是将ABR与生物滤池以及活性炭吸附等工艺相联合.这种设计能够最大程度地发挥各工艺的优势,进而达到更好的处理效果.通过脉冲响应实验对该反应器的水力特性进行研究,得出不同水力停留时间(HRT)下的停留...     

水力停留时间和溶解氧对陶粒CANON反应器的影响

以人工配制无机高氨氮废水为进水,通过接种CANON污泥,以陶粒作为填料,研究了HRT和DO对生物膜CANON反应器的影响.试验过程中,控制进水氨氮浓度基本不变,依次控制反应器的HRT为9、7、5 h,同时控制DO的范围为1.16~3.20 mg·L-1.研究发现:1当DO为1.20~1.75 mg·L-1时,尽管提高DO有利于提高AOB的活性和系统内基质的传质效果,但是CANON反应器的NH+4-N、TN去除效果依然随着HRT的缩短而下降,尤其当DO超过2.50 mg·L-1时,TN去除效果大幅度下降;2当DO为1.20~1.75 mg·L-1时,随着HRT的缩短,CANON反应器的短程硝化性能趋于稳定,而当DO超过1.75 mg·L-1时,即使缩短HRT,其短程硝化性能依然遭到严重破坏;3CANON反应器中短程硝化稳定性能和去除效果较佳的条件是HRT为7 h,且DO控制在1.20~1.75 mg·L-1之间.HRT和DO是废水生物处理的重要运行参数,直接影响到生物处理的效果和出水水质,协调控制两者的变化范围,对提高CANON工艺对高氨氮废水的处理效果非常重要.     

水力割缝增透抽采煤层瓦斯原理及应用

煤层瓦斯抽采是避免煤矿瓦斯灾害发生的根本防治措施,水力割缝技术使煤体在割缝后应力松弛、卸压、破坏、破裂,以成倍或者十几倍地提高煤层的渗透性,继而对煤层瓦斯进行抽采,使瓦斯煤层变为低瓦斯或无瓦斯煤层,从根本上避免瓦斯灾害发生。从水力割缝技术切割煤层致煤层应力变化角度,将理论分析和数值模拟方法相结合,根据渗流力学平面径向流理论,分析给出水力割缝技术增透抽采瓦斯原理。以兖州东滩矿3号煤层为例,分析采用水力割缝技术前后煤层应力变化、渗透率变化规律。结果表明:大面积割缝后,应力重新分布,由均匀状态转变为非均匀状态分布,水平缝使煤层卸压,煤层应力普遍降低,在缝上部煤层局部形成拉应力区。割缝后渗透率是割缝前的4.34倍,渗透率大幅度增加,从而提高瓦斯抽采速度和最终抽采率。     

液压爬模在泰州大桥南塔施工中的安全控制

液压爬模具备自动爬升、操作简便、作业人员少、施工效率高、外观质量好等优点,其施工工艺和技术也比较成熟,在不少大中型工程建设项目中得到广泛应用。液压爬模的操作平台和爬升系统为一整体,液压驱动装置能实现整体均匀爬升,其安全性能有了明显提高。但液压爬模结构复杂且体积庞大,其安装、调位和脱模以及模板的收分等操作和使用环节的安全风险很大,容易出现模板坍塌、高处坠落、物体打击等事故,是施工中安全控制的重点。泰州大桥南塔工程引进了液压自动爬模系统来进行塔身浇注施工,施工中的安全控制措施取得了良好的效果。本研究将以泰州大桥南塔工程为背景,对液压爬模在塔柱施工过程中的危害因素进行分析并提出相应的控制措施,可供类似工程借鉴。     

Hydrologic and Phosphorus Export Behavior of Small Streams in Commercial Poultry‐Pasture Watersheds1

Romeis, J. Joshua, C. Rhett Jackson, L. Mark Risse, Andrew N. Sharpley, and David E. Radcliffe, 2011. Hydrologic and Phosphorus Export Behavior of Small Streams in Commercial Poultry‐Pasture Watersheds. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐19. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00521.x Abstract: Few watershed‐scale studies have evaluated phosphorus export in streamflow from commercial poultry‐pasture operations. Continuous streamflow and mixed‐frequency water quality datasets were collected from nine commercial poultry‐pasture (AG) and three forested (FORS) headwater streams (2.4‐44 ha) in the upper Etowah River basin of Georgia to estimate total P (TP) loads and examine variability of hydrologic response and water quality of storm and nonstorm‐flow regimes. Data collection duration ranged from 18 to 22 months, and approximately 1,600 water quality samples were collected. Significant (p < 0.1) inverse relationships were detected between peak flow response variables and both drainage area and fraction of forest cover. Order‐of‐magnitude differences in TP and dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration were observed between AG and FORS sites and among AG sites. TP yields of FORS sites ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 kg P/ha. Yields of AG sites ranged from 0.031 to 3.17 kg P/ha (median = 0.354 kg P/ha). With 95% confidence intervals, AG yields ranged from 0.025 to 13.1 kg P/ha. These small‐watershed‐scale yields were similar to field‐scale yields measured in other studies in other regions. TP yields were significantly related to area‐weighted Mehlich‐1 soil test P concentrations (p = 0.0073) and base‐flow water sample P concentrations (p ≤ 0.0005). Water quality sampling during base‐flow conditions may be a useful screening tool for P risk‐based management programs.     

进出水方式对高负荷浅层渗滤净化生活污水效果的影响

为研究农村分散住户用水不均匀和排放泵井运行不连续条件下高负荷地下浅层渗滤系统的净化效果,建立渗滤试验柱,以实际生活污水为进水,在12.5 cm.d-1日均水力负荷下,比较连续进水、间歇进水和自由排水、间歇排水对实际生活污水净化效果的影响。结果表明,各渗滤柱对NH4+-N的平均去除率均大于96%。对COD的平均去除率为41.2%～67.7%,其中采用间歇进水、间歇排水方式的渗滤柱去除率最低,但出水仍可达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中二级标准。各渗滤柱对TN的平均去除率为17.5%～37.2%,其中采用间歇进水、间歇排水的渗滤柱平均去除率最高,表明强化反硝化作用是提高脱氮效率的主要途径。对TP的平均去除率为51.0%～78.0%,其中采用连续进水、间歇排水的渗滤柱平均去除率最高,表明延长污水停留时间、增加与填料的接触面积能增强对TP的去除效果。间歇进水、间歇排水方式下,渗滤柱对COD的去除效果有所下降,但是对N、P营养盐的综合去除效果最好。     

加载速率对钢筋混凝土梁动态性能的影响

引入钢筋和混凝土的应变率效应,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS中的显示动力分析模块ABAQUA/Explicit,对钢筋混凝土梁在不同单调加载速率下的受力性能进行了数值模拟.通过比较不同加载速率下的分析结果,探讨了地震作用下的动态荷载对钢筋混凝土梁受力性能的影响.分析结果表明,在动态荷载作用下,钢筋混凝土梁的受力性能有显...